The riqq predates, but is similar to, the tambourine, consisting traditionally of a round wooden frame, covered on one side by a goat or fish skin membrane. Five pairs of brass cymbals are set into the frame to produce the jingle when struck by the hand. The riqq sets the rhythm in much of Arabic music, particularly in the performances of classical pieces.

In Lebanon, the riqq or daff is used typically by the performers of sung folk-poetry (zajal). In Egypt it is one of the instruments traditionally used in the ensemble known as a takht, "platform".

The riqq is especially valued for the variety of sounds it can produce and appreciated for the subtle manner in which it is performed. In the first half of the 20th century it was common for the riqq to be the sole percussion instrument in art-music ensembles. Later, with the addition of the tablah and other percussion instruments to these ensembles, riqq players adopted a technique that emphasizes the cymbal over the membrane sounds.

The riqq is of Persian origin. It was frequently depicted in metal, ivory, wood, miniature paintings and calligraphy.

In the 15th century, the riqq was played accompanying a nay in Sufi and derwish ceremonies

References:
http://al-hakawati.net/Art/ArtDetails/54/الرق,
http://www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/ensembles/worldmusic/neareast/Riqq.htm