|
Historical events/people
|
Literary events/people
|
|
500
|
|
|
533
|
al-Muhalhil
|
المهلهل بن ربيعة
|
|
Imru' al-Qays
|
امرؤ القيس
|
|
al-Shanfara (?)
|
الشنفرى
|
|
Ta'abbata sharran (?)
|
تأبط شراً
|
|
al-Muraqqish
|
المرقش الأكبر
|
|
Tarafah
|
طرفة بن العبد
|
|
c. 570 Birth of Muhammad
|
النبي محمد
|
|
|
600
|
'Amr ibn Kulthum
|
عمرو بن كلثوم
|
|
al-Harith ibn Hillizah
|
الحارث بن حلزة
|
|
'Amr ibn Qami'ah
|
عمرو بنِ قُمَيئَة
|
|
'Adi bin Zayd
|
عدي بن زيد
|
|
Zuhayr ibn Ali Sulma
|
زهير بن أبي سلمى
|
|
'Antarah
|
عنترة بن شداد
|
|
622 Hijrah from Mecca to Medina
|
Durayd ibn al-Simmah
|
دريد بن الصّمة
|
|
632 Death of Muhammad
|
al-A'sha
|
الأعشى
|
|
635 Capture of Damascus by Muslims
|
|
|
636 Battle of Qadisiyah; defeat of Sasani (Persian)army
|
al-Khansa'
|
الخنساء
|
|
637-44 Conquests of Syria, Iraq, Egypt
|
|
|
640 Establishment of al-Kufah and al-Basrah as garrison cities in Iraq
|
Qays ibn Mulawwah (?)
|
قيس بن الملوح
|
|
650 Standardization of Quranic text
|
|
|
656 Murder of Caliph Uthman
|
|
|
657 Battle of Siffin
|
|
|
661 Assassination of Caliph Ali, beginning of Umayyad dynasty
|
Labid
|
لبيد بن ربيعة العامري
|
|
al-Hutay'ah
|
الحطيئة
|
|
670 Establishment of Qayrawan in Tunisia
|
Hassan ibn Thabit
|
حسان بن ثابت
|
|
680 Battle of Karbala
|
|
|
685-91 Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem
|
|
|
700
|
Jamil
|
جميل معمر
|
|
Layla al-Akhyaliyyah
|
ليلى الأخيلية
|
|
705 Building of Great Mosque in Damascus
|
al-Ajjaj
|
الحجاج بن يوسف
|
|
710 Tariq ibn al-Walid crosses into Spain
|
Al-Akhtal
|
الأخطل
|
|
705-15 Capture of Bukhara and Samarkand
|
|
|
732 Battle of Tours; Charles Martel defeats Muslims
|
Umar ibn Abi Rabi'ah
|
عمر بن أبي ربيعة
|
|
Kuthayyir
|
كثير عزة
|
|
Jarir
|
جرير
|
|
al-Farazdaq
|
الفرزدق
|
|
al-Tirimmah
|
الطرماح
|
|
'Dhu al-Rummah
|
ذو الرمة
|
|
al-'Arji
|
العرجي
|
|
747 Beginning of Abbasi revolt in Khurasan
|
al-Walid ibn Yazid
|
الوليد بن يزيد
|
|
750 Fall of Umawi caliphate; Abbasi caliphs come to power
|
'Abd al-Hamid al-Katib
|
عبدالحميد الكاتب
|
|
755-1031 Umawi dynasty in Cordoba
|
ibn al-Muqaffa
|
ابن المقفّع
|
|
762 Foundation of Baghdad
|
Abu Hanifah,
|
ابو حنيفة
|
|
Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala
|
أبو عمرو بن العلاء
|
|
Hammad al-Rawiyah
|
حماد الراوية
|
|
ibn Ishaq
|
يحيى بن إسحاق
|
|
Bashar ibn Burd
|
بشار بن برد
|
|
al-Mufaddal al-Dabbi
|
المفضل الذهبي؟؟
|
|
785 Work begins on Great Mosque in Cordoba
|
al-Khalil ibn Ahmad
|
الخليل بن أحمد
|
|
786-809 Caliphate of Harun al-Rashid
|
Malik ibn Anas
|
مالك بن أنس
|
|
Khalaf al-Ahmar
|
خلف الأحمر
|
|
Sibawayh
|
سيبويه
|
|
800
|
Rabi'ah al-Adawiyyah
|
رابعة العدوية
|
|
803 Fall of Baramki family in Baghdad
|
Abu Nuwas
|
أبو نواس
|
|
Abbas ibn al-Ahnaf
|
العباس بن الأحنف
|
|
Ibrahim al-Mawsili
|
إبراهيم الموصلي
|
|
827 Caliph al-Mamun declares Mu'tazili doctrine to be orthodoxy; conquest of Sicily
|
al-Shafifi
|
الشفيفي؟؟
|
|
Muslim ibn al-Walid
|
صريع الغواني /مسلم ابن الوليد
|
|
832 Foundation of Bayt al-Hikmah library in Baghdad
|
Abu al-Atahiyah
|
أبو العتاهية
|
|
|
al-Asma'i
|
الأصمعي
|
|
|
ibn Hisham
|
ابن هشام
|
|
|
Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
|
إبراهيم بن المهدي
|
|
|
al-Kindi
|
الكندي
|
|
836-89 Foundation of Samarra as Abbasi capital
|
Ahmad ibn Handbal
|
الإمام أحمد بن حنبل
|
|
Abu Tammam
|
أبو تمام
|
|
ibn Sallam al-Jumahi
|
ابن سلام الجمحي
|
|
al-Khawarizmi
|
الخوارزمي
|
|
Ishaq al-Mawsili
|
إسحق الموصلي
|
|
Ziryab
|
زرياب
|
|
Dhu al-Nun al-Misri
|
ذو النون المصري
|
|
869-83 Zanj rebellion
|
al-Jahiz
|
الجاهز
|
|
ibn Qutaybah
|
بكار بن قتيبة
|
|
al-Mubarrad
|
المبرد
|
|
871 Sack of al-Basrah by Zanj forces
|
al-Bukhari
|
الإمام البخاري
|
|
al-Baladhuri
|
البلاذري
|
|
ibn al-Rumi
|
ابن الرومي
|
|
al-Buhturi
|
البحتري
|
|
ibn Abi al-Dunya
|
ابن أبي الدنيا
|
|
ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur
|
ابن أبي طاهر طيفور
|
|
900
|
Tha'lab
|
ثعلب النحوي
|
|
al-Yaqubi
|
اليعقوبي
|
|
901 Establishment of Zaydi state in Yemen
|
ibn al-Mu'tazz
|
ابن المعتز
|
|
908 Ibn al-Mu'tazz is caliph for one day
|
|
|
909 Fatimi caliphate in Tunisia
|
|
|
922 Execution of mystic al-Hallaj
|
al-Tabari
|
الطبري
|
|
Qudamah ibn Ja'far
|
قدامة بن جعفر
|
|
ibn Abd Rabihi
|
ابن الرحبي
|
|
945 Buyids assume control in Baghdad
|
al-Ash'ari
|
أبو موسى الأشعري
|
|
al-Mutanabbi
|
المتنبي
|
|
al-Farabi
|
الفارابي
|
|
al-Mas'udi
|
المسعودي
|
|
al-Istakhri
|
الإصطخري
|
|
Abu Bakr al-Suli
|
أبو بكر الصولي البغدادي
|
|
Muhammad al-Niffari
|
محمد النيفاري؟؟
|
|
al-Qair
|
القير؟؟ أو: ابن القف
|
|
Abu Firas
|
أبو فراس الحمداني
|
|
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani
|
أبو الفرج الأصفهاني
|
|
969 Conquest of Cairo by Fatimid general, Jawhar
|
|
|
973 Foundation of al-Azhar mosque university in Cairo
|
ibn Hani
|
ابن هانئ الأندلسي
|
|
al-Amidt
|
العميد؟؟
|
|
al-Sahib ibn Abbad
|
الصاحب ابن عباد
|
|
ibn Hawqal
|
ابن حوقل
|
|
998-1030 Mahmud of Ghaznah rules in Eastern Iran
|
al-Tanukhi
|
التنوخي
|
|
ibn al-Nadim
|
ابن النديم
|
|
1000
|
al-Qadi al-Jurjani
|
عبد القاهر الجرجاني
|
|
Abu Bakr al-Khawarizmi
|
أبو بكر الخوارزمي
|
|
Abu Hilal al-Askari
|
أبو هلال العسكري
|
|
Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadhani
|
بديع الزمان الهمذاني
|
|
al-Baqillani
|
ابو بكر الباقلاني
|
|
al-Sharif al-Radi
|
الشريف الرضي
|
|
ibn Darraj
|
ابن دراج القسطلي
|
|
ibn Shuhayd
|
ابن شهيد
|
|
Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi
|
أبو حيان التوحيدي
|
|
1031 Collapse of Umawi caliphate in Cordoba
|
Miskawayh
|
مسكويه
|
|
al-Thalibi
|
الثعلبي
|
|
ibn Khafajah
|
ابن خفاجة
|
|
ibn Sina
|
ابن سينا
|
|
1052 Migration of Bani Hilal across North Africa
|
al-Biruni
|
البيروني
|
|
Abu al-Ala al-Mararri
|
أبو العلاء المعري
|
|
1055 Saljuq Turks capture Baghdad
|
|
|
1071 Battle of Manzikert: Saljuqs occupy Anatolia
|
ibn Hazm
|
ابن حزم الأندلسي
|
|
ibn Rashiq
|
ابن رشيق القيرواني
|
|
al-Qushyri
|
؟؟
|
|
Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
|
عبد القاهر الجرجاني
|
|
Walladah
|
ولادة بنت المستكفي
|
|
1085 Christians in Spain capture Toledo
|
ibn Zaydun
|
ابن زيدون
|
|
1091 Loss of Sicily to Normans
|
|
|
1092 Nizam al-Mulk murdered by Assassins
|
|
|
1095 Pope Urban calls for Crusade
|
|
|
1099 Crusaders capture Jerusalem
|
|
|
1100
|
al-Ghazali
|
الإمام الغزالي
|
|
Umar al-Khayyam
|
عمر الخيام
|
|
al-A'ma al-Tutili
|
الأعمى التطيلي
|
|
ibn Hamids
|
ابن حمديس
|
|
1147 Second Crusade
|
al-Hariri
|
محمد القاسم الحريري
|
|
Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
|
عبد القادر الجيلاني
|
|
al-Idrisi
|
الإدريسي
|
|
al-Zamakhshari
|
الزمخشري
|
|
1171 End of Fatimid caliphate
|
ibn Quzman
|
ابن قزمان
|
|
1174-93 Reign of Salah al-din (Saladin)
|
Ahmad al-Rifa'i
|
أحمد الرفاعي
|
|
ibn Tufayl
|
ابن طفيل
|
|
1187 Crusaders defeated by Salah al-din
|
Ibn Rushd
|
ابن رشد
|
|
Usamah ibn Munqidh
|
أسامة بن منقذ
|
|
Shihab al-Din Yahya al-Suhrawardi
|
شهاب الدين يحيى السهروردي
|
|
1200
|
ibn al-Jawzi
|
ابن الجوزي
|
|
al-Qadi al-Fadil
|
القاضي الفاضل
|
|
Iman al-Din al-Isfahani
|
إمام الدين الأصفهاني
|
|
Maimonides
|
موسى بن ميمون
|
|
ibn Jubayr
|
ابن جبير
|
|
ibn Sana' al-Mulk
|
ابن سناء الملك
|
|
1219 Mongols under Jingiz Khan invade Islamic lands
|
Attar
|
ابن العطار
|
|
1229 Jerusalem handed over to Christian
|
Yaqut
|
ياقوت الحموي
|
|
Shihab al-Din Umar al-Suhrawardi
|
شهاب الدين عمر السهروردي
|
|
1236 Christians in Spain capture Cordoba
|
Ibn al-Farid
|
ابن الفارض
|
|
1248 Christian in Spain capture Seville
|
Ibn al-Farid
|
ابن الفارض
|
|
1250 Mamluks come to power in Cairo
|
|
|
1254 King Alfonso establishes school in Seville
|
al-Tifashi
|
التيفاشي
|
|
1256-60 Hulagu Khan leads Mongol army to Baghdad
|
|
|
1258 End of Abbasid caliphate
|
|
|
1260 Battle of Ayn Jalut; Mongols defeated by Mamluks under Baybars
|
|
|
1261-1520 Mamluk dynasty rules Egypt
|
Jalal al-din Rumi
|
جلال الدين الرومي
|
|
al-Shustari
|
الشستري
|
|
ibn Malik
|
ابن مالك
|
|
ibn Sayqal al-Jazari
|
ابن صياد الجزري
|
|
al-Shabb al-Zarif
|
الشاب الظريف
|
|
al-Baydawi
|
البيدوي؟
|
|
1291 Expulsion of Crusaders from Palestine
|
ibn Khallikan
|
ابن خلكان
|
|
al-Busiri
|
البوصيري
|
|
1300
|
|
|
1303 Mongols defeated by Mamluks in Egypt
|
ibn Manzur
|
ابن منذر
|
|
ibn Daniyal
|
ابن دانيال
|
|
1324 Mansa Musu, King of Mali;
University of Timbukti
|
ibn Taymiyyah
|
ابن تيمية
|
|
al-Nuwayri
|
شهاب الدين النويري
|
|
1348 Black Death reaches Egypt
|
Safi al-Din al-Hilli
|
صفي الدين الحلي
|
|
1349 Muslim missionaries in Nigeria (Kano)
|
Salah al-din al-Safadi
|
صلاح الدين الصفدي
|
|
ibn Qayyim al-Jawaziyyah
|
ابن قيم الجوزية
|
|
1369 Timur Lang occupies Khurasan
|
ibn Nabatah
|
ابن نباتة المصري
|
|
1370-80 Timur Lang conquers much of Asia
|
Lisan al-din ibn al-Khatib
|
لسان الدين الخطيب
|
|
ibn Battutah
|
ابن بطوطة
|
|
1380-87 Timur conquers Iran
|
Hafiz
|
حافظ
|
|
1400 Islam reaches Java
|
Al-Fayruzabadi
|
الفيروزآبادي
|
|
ibn Khaldun
|
ابن خلدون
|
|
1402 Death of Timur Lang
|
al-Maqrizi
|
المقريزي
|
|
al-Ghuzuli
|
الإمام الغزالي
|
|
al-Qalqashandi
|
القلقشندي
|
|
al-Ibshihi
|
الابشيهي
|
|
ibn Arabshah
|
ابن عربشاه
|
|
1453 Capture of Constantinople by Ottomans
|
|
|
1499 Ismail establishes Safavi dynasty in Iran
|
|
|
1500
|
|
|
1508 Safavis capture Baghdad
|
al-Suyuti
|
السيوطي
|
|
ibn Malik al-Hamawi
|
ابن مالك الحموي
|
|
1516 Selim the Grim captures Cairo
|
|
|
1520-66 Reign of ottoman Sultan Sulayman the Magnificent
|
|
|
1521 Ottoman capture of Belgrade
|
|
|
1522 Ottoman conquest of Rhodes
|
ibn Iyas
|
القاضي اياس
|
|
1529 Ottoman siege of Vienna
1549 Ottoman forces reach Yemen
|
|
|
1550 Sinan builds Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul
|
|
|
1556-1605 Akbar assumes power Mughal India
|
al-Sha'rani
|
الشعراني
|
|
1600
|
|
|
1622 English capture Hormuz
|
al-Maqqari
|
المقري التلمساني
|
|
1653 Taj Mahal completed by Shah Jihan
|
Shihab al-Din al-Khifaji
|
شهاب الدين الخفاجي
|
|
1668 Ottoman conquest of Crete
|
|
|
1683 Ottomans besiege Vienna
|
|
|
1699 Treaty of Karlowiz
|
|
|
1700
|
Abd al-Ghaui al-Nabulsi
|
عبد الغني النابلسي
|
|
Bishop Germanus Farhat
|
المطران جرمانوس فرحات
|
|
1745 Wahhabis established at Dar'iyyahm Arabia
|
|
|
1765 English East India Company takes over administration of Bengal
|
al-Amir al-San'ani
|
الأمير الصنعاني
|
|
1770-89 Yusuf Shihab Amir of Lebanon
|
al-Idkawi
|
الإدكاوي؟
|
|
1773 Sa'udi dynasty in al-Riyad
|
al-Zabidi
|
المرتضى الزبيدي
|
|
1774 Treaty of Kuchuk Kaynarji between Russia and Ottomans
|
|
|
1783 Russia seizes Crimea
|
|
|
1789-1807 Reign of Selim III, Ottoman Sultan
|
|
|
1798 Napoleon's invasion of Egypt
|
|
|
1796 Qajar dynasty in Iran
|
|
|
1800
|
|
|
1803-04 Wahhabis capture Mecca and Medina
|
|
|
1805-48 Muhammad Ali viceroy of Egypt
|
|
|
1806 Wahhabis capture Mecca
|
|
|
1811 Mamluks massacred on orders of Muhammad Ali
|
Ahmad al-Tijani
|
أحمد التيجاني
|
|
1820-23 Egyptians conquer Sudan
|
al-Jabarati
|
الجبرتي
|
|
1823 Arabic press in Cairo
|
|
|
1830 French invade Algeria
|
|
|
1834 Arabic press in Beirut
|
Shaykh Hasan al-Attar
|
الشيخ حسن العطار
|
|
Marun al-Naqqash
|
مارون النقاش
|
|
1860-61 Civil war in Syria
|
|
|
1866 Foundation of Syrian Protestant College in Beirut (AUB)
|
Nasif al-Jaziji
|
ناصيف اليازجي
|
|
1869 Suez Canal opened
|
Rifa'ah al-Tahtawi
|
رفاعة الطهطاوي
|
|
1877 Anglo-French control of Egyptian finances
|
|
|
1881 French occupy Tunisia; Urabi revolt in Egypt
|
|
|
1882 British occupy Egypt
|
|
|
1885 Mahdi's revolt in Sudan; General Gordon killed in al-Khartoum
|
Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq
|
أحمد فارس الشدياق
|
|
Husayn al-Marsafi
|
حسين المصرفي
|
|
1893 French arrive inTimbuktu
|
Muhammad Uthman Jalal
|
محمد عثمان جلال
|
|
1898 Defeat of Sudanese forces by general Kitchener
|
Jamal al-Din al-Afghni
|
جمال الدين الأفغاني
|
|
1900
|
Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakbi
|
عبد الرحمن الكواكبي
|
|
Abu Khalil al-Qabbani
|
أبو خليل القباني
|
|
Muhammad Abduh
|
محمد عبده
|
|
Mahmud Sami al-Barudi
|
محمود سامي البارودي
|
|
1908 Ottoman Sultan 'Abd al-Hamid deposed by Young Turks
|
|
|
1909 Anglo-Persian Oil Company founded
|
|
|
1912 Franco-Spanish protectorate of Morocco
|
Ya'qub Sannu'
|
يعقوب سنو
|
|
1915 Arab revolt against Ottoman government
|
|
|
1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement regarding disposition of Middle East following First World War
|
|
|
1917 Balfour Declaration
|
Shibli Shumayyil
|
شبلي شميل
|
|
Shaykh Slalmah al-Hijazi
|
الشيخ سلامة الحجازي
|
|
Muhammad Taymur
|
محمود تيمور
|
|
1919 Popular uprising in Egypt; first proclamation of Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) in Turkey
|
|
|
1920 Turkish War of Independence; revolt in Iraq; French capture Damascus
|
|
|
1921 Reza Shah Pahlevi assumes power in Iran
|
|
|
1922 Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb in Egypt
|
Farah Antun
|
فرح أنطون
|
|
1923 Declaration of Turkish Republic
|
|
|
1924 Abolition of the caliphate, first Egyptian parliament
|
Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti
|
مصطفى لطفي المنفلوطي
|
|
Shaykh Ahmad Bamba
|
الشيخ أحمد بامبا
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1927 Beginnings of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
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Sa'ad Zaghloul
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سعد زغلول
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1929 Growing unrest in Palestine
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Muhammad al-Muwaylihi
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محمد المويلحي
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1932 Foundation of Arab Academy in Cairo
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Khalil Jubran
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جبران خليل جبران
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Hafiz Ibrahim
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حافظ إبراهيم
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Ahmad Shawqi
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أحمد شوقي
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1933 'Abd al-'Azziz becomes King of Saudi Arabia
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Abu al-Qasim al-Shabbi
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أبو القاسم الشابي
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1935 Italy invades Ethiopia
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Rashid Rida
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راشد رضا
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Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
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الزهاوي
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1938 Death of Ataturk
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Mayy Ziadeh
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مي زيادة
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Muhammad Iqbal
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محمد اقبال
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1945 League of Arab States created in Cairo
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Ma'ruf al-Rusafi
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معروف الرصافي
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1947 Independence of India, creation of Pakistan
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Salamah Musa
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سلامة موسى
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1948 War in Palestine; State of Israel established
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Antun Sa'adeh
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أنطون سعادة
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Hasan al-banna
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حسن البنا
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Khalil Mutran
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خليل المطران
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Khalil Baydas
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خليل بيدس
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'Ali al-Du'aji
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علي الدوخي
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1951 Muhammad Musaddeg Prime Minster of Iran; Husayn becomes King of Jordan
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1952 Revolution in Egypt
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1954 Jamal 'Abd al-Nasir (Nasser) comes to power; beginning of Algerian War of Independence; Czech arms
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1956 Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal; Tripartite (British, French, Israeli) invasion of Suez; Sudan, Tunisia and Morocco gain independence
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Muhammad Husayn Haykal
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حسين هيكل
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Iliyya Abu Madi
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إيليا أبو ماضي
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1958 Revolution in Iraq; United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) created; Lebanese political unrest
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Jurj Abyad
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جورج أبيض
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1961 Kuwait independence; Socialist Laws in Egypt; revolution in Yemen
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Bayram al-Tunisi
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بيرم التونسي
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1962 End of Algerian War; independence
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Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid
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أحمد لطفي السيد
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Marun Abbud
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مارون عبود
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1964 PLO established; King Sa'ud of Sa'udi Arabia replace by King Faysal
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'Abbas Mahmud al-'Aqqad
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عباس محمود العقاد
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Sayyid Qutub
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سيد قـطـب
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Badr Shaker al-Sayyab
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بدر شاكر السياب
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1967 June War between Israel and Arab states
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Muhammad Mandur
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محمد مندور
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Husayn Muruwwah
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حسين مروة
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1968 Hafiz al-Asad becomes president of Syria; Yasir Arafat leader of PLO
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Bishara al-Khuri
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بشارة الخوري
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1969 General Numayri seizes power in Sudan; Libyan revolution led by Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi
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1970 Aswan High Dam completed
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1971 Establishment of United Arab Emirates in Gulf
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Tawfiq Sayigh
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توفيق صايغ
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1973 October war between Egypt, Syria and Israel
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Taha Husayn
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طه حسين
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Mahmud Taymur
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محمود تيمور
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1975-88 Lebanon civil war
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1976 Fall of Tall al-Za'atar Palestinina refugee camp
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1977 Camp David accords between Egypt and Israel
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1979 Revolution in Iran brings Imam Khomeini to power
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1981 Assassination of Anwar Sadat
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Salah 'Abd al-Sabur
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صلاح عبد الصبور
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1982 Israel invades Lebanon; Sabra and Shatila camp massacres
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Khalil Hawi
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خليل حاوي
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1987 Palestinian intifada
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Michel Aflaq
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ميشال عفلق
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Tawfiq al-Hakim
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توفيق الحكيم
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Yusuf al-Khal
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يوسف الخال
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1988
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Tawfiq Yusuf Awwad
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توفيق يوسف عوض
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Nobel Award to Naguib Mahfouz
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نجيب محفوظ
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Mikhail Naimi
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ميخائيل نعيمة
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Dhu al-Nun Ayub
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ذو النون أيوب
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1990-91 Gulf War: western forces attack Iraq after its occupation of Kuwait
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Yusuf Idris
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يوسف إدريس
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Yahya Haqqi
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يحيى حقي
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1994
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Jabra Ibrahim Jabra
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جبرا إبراهيم جبرا
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1996
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Emil Habibi
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اميل حبيبي
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2011 Arab revolutions to remove despotic regimes
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Hisham Matar
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هشام مطر
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Leila Abulela
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ليلى أبو ليلى
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2011
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